NEW HAMPSHIRE.; White Mountain Resort Has Many New York Guests.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
Alan Turing Urodziny, Data Urodzenia
Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science.
Born in London, Turing was raised in southern England. He graduated from King's College, Cambridge, and in 1938, earned a doctorate degree from Princeton University. During World War II, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre that produced Ultra intelligence. He led Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Turing devised techniques for speeding the breaking of German ciphers, including improvements to the pre-war Polish bomba method, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. He played a crucial role in cracking intercepted messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Axis powers in the Battle of the Atlantic and other engagements.
After the war, Turing worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he designed the Automatic Computing Engine, one of the first designs for a stored-program computer. In 1948, Turing joined Max Newman's Computing Machine Laboratory at the University of Manchester, where he contributed to the development of early Manchester computers and became interested in mathematical biology. Turing wrote on the chemical basis of morphogenesis and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, first observed in the 1960s. Despite these accomplishments, he was never fully recognised during his lifetime because much of his work was covered by the Official Secrets Act.
In 1952, Turing was prosecuted for homosexual acts. He accepted hormone treatment, a procedure commonly referred to as chemical castration, as an alternative to prison. Turing died on 7 June 1954, aged 41, from cyanide poisoning. An inquest determined his death as suicide, but the evidence is also consistent with accidental poisoning. Following a campaign in 2009, British prime minister Gordon Brown made an official public apology for "the appalling way [Turing] was treated". Queen Elizabeth II granted a pardon in 2013. The term "Alan Turing law" is used informally to refer to a 2017 law in the UK that retroactively pardoned men cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.
Turing left an extensive legacy in mathematics and computing which has become widely recognised with statues and many things named after him, including an annual award for computing innovation. His portrait appears on the Bank of England £50 note, first released on 23 June 2021 to coincide with his birthday. The audience vote in a 2019 BBC series named Turing the greatest scientist of the 20th century.
The cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter writes:
Czytaj więcej...Atheist, homosexual, eccentric, marathon-running mathematician, A. M. Turing was in large part responsible not only for the concept of computers, incisive theorems about their powers, and a clear vision of the possibility of computer minds, but also for the cracking of German ciphers during the Second World War. It is fair to say we owe much to Alan Turing for the fact that we are not under Nazi rule today."
- Urodziny, Data Urodzenia
- niedziela, 23 czerwca 1912
- Miejsce urodzenia
- Maida Vale
- Wiek
- 114
- Znak zodiaku
- ♋
23 czerwca 1912 roku była niedziela pod znakiem zodiaku ♋. Był to 174 dzień roku. Prezydentem Stanów Zjednoczonych był William Howard Taft.
Jeśli urodziłeś się w tym dniu, masz 114 lata. Twoje ostatnie urodziny upłynęły wtorek, 23 czerwca 2026 roku, 16 dni temu. Twoje następne urodziny przypadają na dzień środa, 23 czerwca 2027 roku, w 348 dni. Żyłeś przez 41 654 dni lub około 999 710 godzin lub około 59 982 614 minut lub około 3 598 956 840 sekund.
Niektóre osoby, które dzielą te urodziny:
23rd of June 1912 News
Wiadomości, które pojawiły się na pierwszej stronie New York Times 23 czerwca 1912 roku
DIRECT WIRELESS LONDON TO NEW YORK; New Station at Chelmsford Marks Beginning of New Service by Radio Telegraphy.
Date: 23 June 1912
By Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph to The New York Times
Marconi Wireless
VIRGINIA HOT SPRINGS.; New Yorkers Conspicuous at the Southern Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
OLD ORCHARD BEACH.; Many New Features at the Old Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
WATCH HILL.; Many New Yorkers Arriving at Hotels and Cottages.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
NEW HAMPSHIRE.; White Mountain Resort Has Many New York Guests.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
DIRECT WIRELESS LONDON TO NEW YORK; New Station at Chelmsford Marks Beginning of New Service by Radio Telegraphy.
Date: 23 June 1912
By Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph to The New York Times
Marconi Wireless
VIRGINIA HOT SPRINGS.; New Yorkers Conspicuous at the Southern Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
OLD ORCHARD BEACH.; Many New Features at the Old Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
WATCH HILL.; Many New Yorkers Arriving at Hotels and Cottages.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
NEW HAMPSHIRE.; White Mountain Resort Has Many New York Guests.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
DIRECT WIRELESS LONDON TO NEW YORK; New Station at Chelmsford Marks Beginning of New Service by Radio Telegraphy.
Date: 23 June 1912
By Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph to The New York Times
Marconi Wireless
VIRGINIA HOT SPRINGS.; New Yorkers Conspicuous at the Southern Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
OLD ORCHARD BEACH.; Many New Features at the Old Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
WATCH HILL.; Many New Yorkers Arriving at Hotels and Cottages.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
VIRGINIA HOT SPRINGS.; New Yorkers Conspicuous at the Southern Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
OLD ORCHARD BEACH.; Many New Features at the Old Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
WATCH HILL.; Many New Yorkers Arriving at Hotels and Cottages.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
NEW HAMPSHIRE.; White Mountain Resort Has Many New York Guests.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
DIRECT WIRELESS LONDON TO NEW YORK; New Station at Chelmsford Marks Beginning of New Service by Radio Telegraphy.
Date: 23 June 1912
By Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph to The New York Times
Marconi Wireless
VIRGINIA HOT SPRINGS.; New Yorkers Conspicuous at the Southern Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
OLD ORCHARD BEACH.; Many New Features at the Old Resort.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times
WATCH HILL.; Many New Yorkers Arriving at Hotels and Cottages.
Date: 23 June 1912
Special to The New York Times