Lance Edward Armstrong (né Gunderson; born September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. He achieved international fame for winning the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005, but was stripped of his titles in 2012 after an investigation into doping allegations found that Armstrong used performance-enhancing drugs over his career. Armstrong is banned from all sanctioned bicycling events.
At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990. In 1992, he began his career as a professional cyclist with the Motorola team. Armstrong had success between 1993 and 1996 with the World Championship in 1993, the Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995, Tour DuPont in 1995 and 1996, and a handful of stage victories in Europe, including stage 8 of the 1993 Tour de France and stage 18 of the 1995 Tour de France. In 1996, he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal metastatic testicular cancer. After recovering, Armstrong founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation (now the Livestrong Foundation) to assist other cancer survivors.
Returning to cycling in 1998, Armstrong was a member of the US Postal/Discovery team between 1998 and 2005 when he won his seven Tour de France titles. Armstrong retired from racing at the end of the 2005 Tour de France, but returned to competitive cycling with the Astana team in January 2009, finishing third in the 2009 Tour de France later that year. Between 2010 and 2011, he raced with Team Radio Shack and retired for a second time in 2011.
Armstrong began to be accused of doping after winning the 1999 Tour de France, allegations that he denied for more than a decade. In 2012, a United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) investigation concluded that Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs over the course of his career and called him the ringleader of "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen". Armstrong professed his innocence but chose not to contest the charges, citing the potential toll on his family. He received a lifetime ban from all sports that follow the World Anti-Doping Code, ending Armstrong's competitive cycling career. The International Cycling Union (UCI) upheld USADA's decision and decided that his stripped wins would not be allocated to other riders. In January 2013, Armstrong publicly admitted his involvement in doping. In April 2018, Armstrong settled a civil lawsuit with the United States Department of Justice and agreed to pay US$5 million to the U.S. government after whistleblower proceedings were commenced by Floyd Landis, a former team member.
Czytaj więcej...18 września 1971 roku była sobota pod znakiem zodiaku ♍. Był to 260 dzień roku. Prezydentem Stanów Zjednoczonych był Richard M. Nixon.
Jeśli urodziłeś się w tym dniu, masz 54 lata. Twoje ostatnie urodziny upłynęły czwartek, 18 września 2025 roku, 251 dni temu. Twoje następne urodziny przypadają na dzień piątek, 18 września 2026 roku, w 113 dni. Żyłeś przez 19 975 dni lub około 479 404 godzin lub około 28 764 252 minut lub około 1 725 855 120 sekund.
Date: 19 September 1971
Special to the New York Times
Newspaper Publishers Assn stops pub of all Sunday papers, suspends weekday papers in London and Manchester until printers stop holding union meetings at crucial production times
Date: 18 September 1971
FCC Chmn D Burch says NBC newsman E Newman was within his rights when he ejected G Jessel from Today Show for referring to The NY Times and The Washington Post as 'Pravda', reply to Repr W H Harsha who protested ejection; Harsha says he will ask Cong coms to take further action
Date: 19 September 1971
Photoengravers accept pact with Pittsburgh Press Co, ending 128-day strike, longest in city's history; pact details; papers to resume Sept 20
Date: 19 September 1971
Dispatch of The Times, London
India restricts movements of foreign correspondents attempting to visit refugee camps in border areas of W Bengal and E India apparently because of embarrassment over E Pakistani guerrillas operating from bases in India
Date: 18 September 1971
Special to The New York Times
Soviet secret police (KGB) interrogate Western newsmen J R Peipert and A Waller in connection with probe of Soviet dissident V I Bukovsky, apparently 1st time Western newsmen have been officially interrogated by KGB; warn newsmen not to disclose contents of int; Bukovsky, arrested Mar 30 and now being detained in Serbsky Psychiatric Hosp, has reptdly been charged with 'anti-Soviet activities'; observers see interrogation as part of gen probe of Bukovsky and as warning to Western newsmen not to make further contacts with dissidents
Date: 19 September 1971
By EDWARD COWANSpecial to The New York Times
Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Assn, in brief submitted to Min Munro opposing Govt ban on cigarette ad, equates freedom in disseminating information through news columns to freedom in disseminating through ads; charges that ad prohibition would take away citizens' right to be informed; asks for controls on persuasion but not fact
Date: 18 September 1971
WARREN F. KIMBALL
Warren KIMBALL
Prof W F Kimball lr holds Nixon's call for legis and funds to declassify World War II documents is waste of time and money; urges Cong pass law declassifying all such documents with certain exceptions
Date: 18 September 1971
By FRANK LYNNSpecial to The New York Times
Lindsay describes adm of NYS Sup Ct as 'appalling', Dem luncheon meeting, Syracuse; says prisoners wait in jail for trial an avg of 5 mos because of ct congestion