Powtórka poniedziałek, 1 lutego 1982

News Analysis

Date: 01 February 1982

By Edward B. Fiske

Edward

The announcement by Columbia College that it will begin admitting wo men as undergraduates in the fall of 1983 not only signifies the en d of an era but also points up the sharp differences that have em erged at men's and women's colleges in attitudes toward segregatingth e sexes in education. Columbia College was the last holdout in the Ivy League against a trend toward coeducation that began in 1969, when Princeton and Yale broke with hundreds of years of tradition and enrolled their first female freshmen. The trend extended well beyond the Ivy League itself to other institutions, from Wesleyan and Williams to engineeringoriented schools such as Lehigh. The case for coeducation was rooted in a growing conviction that at a time when women were increasingly moving into the main stream of theprofessions a nd every other area of American life, men and women should not be segregated in college. There were questions of equity, too: Was it r ight - or good for the country - to deny access to some of the finest academic institutions to half the student population?

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THE NEWS STATES' RIGHTS

Date: 02 February 1982

By Tom Wicker

Tom Wicker

President Reagan proposes to make the states responsible by 1988 for welfare, food stamps and more than 40 other Federal programs - so responsible, in fact, that the states can kill any or all of these programs, beginning in 1984, if any or all of the states decide to. And some probably will. Can this be a serious proposal from the President of all the people? Does Mr. Reagan really intend that some states could offer their needy citizens no help? Does he actually believe the national Government should provide no incentive and make no requirement of the states regarding help for the needy? That's exactly what Mr. Reagan intends, if his own words are taken at face value. First, his proposal that the Federal Government assume all Medicaid costs now borne by the states would provide them with less than half what they'll need to finance the growing costs of the 40-odd programs he wants to turn over to them.

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News Analysis

Date: 02 February 1982

By Steve Lohr, Special To the New York Times

Steve Lohr

Foreign companies must test Japan's new measures intended to eliminate import barriers before they know whether the Tokyo Government's actions do in fact open the Japanese market to their products. Even before that crucial test, two things about the market-opening program are evident. First, last week's lifting of 67 nontariff barriers by the Japanese Cabinet - most of them dealing with product safety requirements and quality control proced ures - will have little near-term effect on thebig trade surpluses that Japan is running wit h the United States and the European Economic Community. Second, if the program is judged to be a meaningful step in opening up Japan's economy to foreign products, the payoff for Japan - in terms of easing trade tensions - is likely to be greater in the United States than in Western Europe.

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News Analysis

Date: 01 February 1982

By Robert Pear, Special To the New York Times

Robert Pear

The debate over President Reagan's ''new federalism initiative'' has quickly shifted from the lofty realm of political philosophy to a more mundane concern over money. Although Reagan Administration officials said there would be ''no winners or losers,'' mayors and governors said they feared they would lose millions of dollars when programs were ''swapped'' and ''turned back'' by the Federal Government. The numbers issued by the White House after the President delivered his State of the Union Message purport to show that Mr. Reagan's proposals would have a net fiscal effect of zero in every state. But there is a growing debate about the President 's arithmetic, focusing on several issues.

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1982

Date: 01 February 1982

International P oles fought with the police in Gdansk in vio lent clashes in which more than 200 people were arrested and 14 inj ured, the Warsaw radio said. The fighting broke out despite official appeals for calm on theeve of new food price increases. The governin g military council ordered a stricter curfew in Gdansk aimed at clearing the streets from 10 P.M. to 5 A.M. It also suspended all public entertainment andsports and banned private cars from the roads . (Page A1, Column 6.) U.S. military aid to Egypt and Israel would be increased by the Reagan Administration. Congress will be asked to increase Egypt's allotment by $400 million and Israel's by $300 million in the next fiscal year, Administration and diplomatic sources said. (A1:4.)

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News Summary; TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1982

Date: 02 February 1982

International Tightened security overseas has been imposed by United States intelligence-gathering officials because of the loss of sensitive documents in the 1979 seizure of the American Embassy in Teheran, according to senior intelligence officials. They said that the activities abroad were increasingly being conducted under the cover of private commercial organizations rather than official United States diplomatic missions. (Page A1, Column 6.) Reports that a major massacre of civilians took place in a Salvadoran village in December were disputed by the Reagan Administration as it announced it was about to send $55 million in emergency military aid to that country. The grant does not require Congressional approval. (A1:3-5.)

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News Analysis; RECESSION IS NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN PERIL

Date: 01 February 1982

By Alan Riding, Special To the New York Times

Alan Riding

The world recession has created potentially greater obstacles for political stability in Central America than the extremist violence affecting much of the region, according to many experts on the area. They say that Central America has no chance of alleviating such chronic problems as illiteracy, disease and malnutrition or tempering the more recent phenomena of insurgency and repression without first recovering some degree of economic health. ''Ninety percent of Central America's problems are economic,'' said President Rodrigo Carazo Odio of Costa Rica in an interview. ''What better candidate is there to become a guerrilla than someone who is unemployed? Central Americans believe in freedom and democracy, but they may be driven to despair.'' Incomes Fall Sharply The rural-based economies of the region have been ravaged over the last year by a combination of rising oil import bills, low commodity export prices, high interest rates and an acute shortage of foreign credit.

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JOURNALISTS AND POLITICAL ADVISERS TRADE CRITICISMS ON CAMPAIGNING

Date: 01 February 1982

Special to the New York Times

In a rare encounter, executives and news reporters from the three television networks, politicians, academics and image-makers met at Harvard University this weekend to appraise their roles in Presidential elections, from the early primaries to election eve. In the three-day conference at the Institute of Politics, the participants were not able to agree on significant ways to change television coverage of the nominating and election process. But the sessions were rare occasions in that each of the networks opened itself to public, occasionally critical, self-examination before its two major competitors and those who are hired by candidates to manipulate television coverage. Discussions ranged across a variety of topics, from the networks' ability to control a candidate's access to the electorate, to the strategists' ability to use the fast-moving format of television news to create an image for a candidate.

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PRESS CURBS URGED IN SOUTH AFRICA

Date: 02 February 1982

By Joseph Lelyveld, Special To the New York Times

Joseph Lelyveld

A system for licensing journalists in South Africa was proposed today by an official commission that said it was necessary to thwart a Soviet campaign of ''disinformation'' for ''the political and moral subversion of the white man.'' A draft law presented by the commission would make it a crime to employ an unlicensed journalist or publish a newspaper or magazine containing ''any report by a journalist not e nrolled'' by a statutorybody to be called the General Council for Jou rnalists, which would initially be appointed by the Government. The commission, headed by a member of a provincial Supreme Court, Judge Marthinus T. Steyn, said in a long report that news organizations in South Africa deepen ''political polarization'' and ''often encourage the revolutionary forces which are at work in this country.'' South Africa is a ''dynamically and peacefully developing internal community,'' the commission said, in which the Soviet Union is seeking ''to generate a white-black conflict,'' an effort made easier by ''Western temporizing'' and ''obfuscated Western expediency.''

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DRAFT OF ORDER ON PRESS DISCLOSURES IS STUDIED BY WHITE HOUSE AIDES

Date: 02 February 1982

Special to the New York Times

A ''working draft'' of a directive that would place significant new restrictions on contacts between Government officials and news reporters on the subject of foreign policy is circulating within the Reagan Administration, White House officials said today. The directive was drawn up by staff members under William P. Clark, who began conducting the Administration's drive to curtail unauthorized disclosures of classified information shortly after he became President Reagan's national security adviser at the White House a month ago. As drafted, Mr. Clark's directive would require all officials below the level of deputy secretary, which is the No. 2 position in a department, to obtain clearance from superiors for all contacts with reporters in which national security information is to be discussed.

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